To Pivot or Not to Pivot?
By Dan Middlemiss, 29 April 2026
To pivot or not to pivot is the real foreign policy question which is being somewhat overshadowed by the Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP) selection process itself.
In December 2022, Ottawa published its Indo-Pacific Strategy which laid out an ambitious reorientation of Canada's diplomatic, trade and security cooperation policies. Among other things, the strategy signaled a shift away from a predominantly Euro-Atlantic emphasis in Canadian policy to one with a more balanced Indo-Pacific approach.[1]
The government’s impending decision on procuring new submarines for the navy could provide some real substance to its Indo-Pacific initiatives. In particular, Ottawa’s selection of South Korea’s KSS-III (Batch 2) would be a powerful indicator that Canada was serious about giving more policy emphasis to the Indo-Pacific region.
Navy traditionalists will argue that Canada should stay the course with its European allies to counter a real and present Russian threat. In this view, buying the German TKMS Type 212CD submarine makes sense for logistical and interoperability reasons.
However, if Ottawa is really serious about its longstanding intention to shift its policy focus more to the Indo-Pacific region, then the South Korean Hanwha Ocean submarine becomes an attractive option.[2]
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Latest CNR: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Happy New Year! Now that January is here, we all need something to look forward to – other than bills for all those things you bought for Christmas! Fret no longer, you can look forward to the upcoming CNR issue.
As usual, the new issue of CNR contains a variety of interesting articles. Our first article was the winning essay of the 2025 CNMT Essay Competition. It’s called “Pirates and Partnerships: An Examination of Maritime Non-State Actors,” by Edward Khitab. Khitab uses the example of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society to examine the nature and increasing number of maritime non-state actors -- and concludes that the RCN needs to start paying attention to them.
The second article, “The Strategic Utility of Aircraft Carriers in China’s Ambitions in East Asia,” discusses the rapid growth of China’s aircraft carrier capability and how and where Beijing would likely use them in the case of war. The third article is “Why Does Canada have a Navy? Reflecting on the Canadian Leaders at Sea Program.” In this article, the author addresses a simple question that was asked while he was participating in the CLaS program, and considers what a navy represents and why Canada has one. The final essay, “SS Nerissa: A Tragic Footnote to History,” tells the little-known story of the last voyage of SS Nerissa that was sunk by a U-boat while transporting troops and civilians across the Atlantic in the Second World War.
If that isn’t enough to spark your interest, we have our usual Making Waves commentaries. We have a commentary about hydrography in the Arctic. Sound boring? It’s not. If Canada is getting submarines that are expected to operate in the Arctic, Ottawa needs to act now to map the seafloor there. We have a commentary about the many historic discussions about moving the Coast Guard into the defence department. We have a commentary about the unthinkable – i.e., having naval ships that can act as ‘tripwires’ in the event that the United States decides to blockade Canada. We have an account of a conference in Australia, Canadian interest in East Asia, and preparing for Russia in the Arctic.
And, of course, we have our regular columns. “A View from the West” looks at North Korea’s increasing focus on its navy. “Dollars and Sense” examines the defence-related parts of Budget 2025, and “Warship Developments” updates us on several interesting recent naval decisions.
In addition to all this great information, we have our usual amazing photos!
Stay tuned. In a few weeks, the issue will be in the mailbox of people who are lucky enough to be subscribers! It’s not too late for you to subscribe. See here for the Table of Contents.
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Over the last 20 years, Canadian Naval Review has published over 180 book reviews. These books cover a variety of topics but they all relate to maritime matters, history, or security and defence at sea. This is an amazing resource. Go through the list of reviews, pick out a few books that look interesting, read the reviews, and then order the books from your nearest bookstore or from the publisher. See the list of book reviews at https://www.navalreview.ca/book-reviews/